In Europe, the regional air pollution is regulated by a number of protocols under the CLRTAP (Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution) under the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). Additionally, there is EU legislation that mostly mirrors the obligations under the CLRTAP.
Under the UNECE, the objectives of the original Gothenburg Protocol was to control and reduce the emissions of SO2, NOx, NMVOC and NH3. In contrary to the former protocols the Parties to the Convention are not obligated to comply with certain reduction ratios from a base year. Instead, emission ceilings have been set from the knowledge of critical loads and environmental impact on ecosystems within the geographical area of Europe. The table shows the emission ceilings for Denmark in 2010 together with the emissions in 2010. The same emission ceilings are given in EU directive 2001/81/EC also called the NEC-directive (National Emission Ceilings Directive). The ceilings are valid from 2010 and until they are superseded by the 2020 reduction commitments.
The revised Gothenburg Protocol introduced an adjustment mechanism, so that inventories could continue to evolve, e.g. by introducing new emission sources or updating methodologies. Denmark has applied for adjustments for NMVOC and NH3 and they have been accepted both under the CLRTAP and under the NECD.
Pollutant | SO2 | NOx | NMVOC | NH3 |
Emission ceiling, tonnes | 55,000 | 127,000 | 85,000 | 69,000 |
Emission 2010, tonnes | 15,370 | 150,047 | 121,519 | 79,637 |
Adjusted emission 2010, tonnes | 86,084 | 72,090 |
Last updated: 02-07-2019
Denmark is below the ceiling for NMVOC from 2011 and for NOx and NH3 from 2013.
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In 2012, the Gothenburg Protocol was amended to establish emission reduction commitments for 2020. Furthermore, reduction commitments for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were introduced for the first time. In the amended Gothenburg Protocol, the reduction commitments are given as a percentage reduction compared to the emission level in 2005. The NECD was revised in 2016 (Directive (EU) 2016/2284) and has the same reduction commitments for 2020 as the Gothenburg Protocol. The revised NECD also has reduction commitments for 2030.
The emission reduction commitments according to the Gothenburg Protocol (2020) and NECD (2020 and 2030) are shown in the table below together with the reduction percentages for 2020 (in accordance with the Gothenburg Protocol and the NECD) and 2030 (in accordance with the NECD) recalculated to a “ceiling” value.
The latest emission projections for 2020 and 2030 have also been included in the table below. Two separate projections were carried out in 2018. One projection representing a frozen policy approach, which is labelled a ‘with measures’ (WM) projection and an alternative scenario that have different assumptions for the development of the energy sector. This scenario is labelled ‘with additional measures (WAM).
SO2 | NOx | NMVOC | NH3 | PM2.5 | |
Emission level 2005*, tonnes | 26,204 | 188,349 | 107,015 | 88,526 | 25,619 |
Emission level 2017*, tonnes | 10,254 | 92,942 | 63,862 | 76,333 | 20,061 |
Emission reduction commitment* - 2020, % | 35 | 56 | 35 | 24 | 33 |
Emission ceiling - 2020**, tonnes | 17,032 | 82,873 | 69,560 | 67,280 | 17,164 |
Emission reduction commitment* - 2030, % | 59 | 68 | 37 | 24 | 55 |
Emission ceiling - 2030**, tonnes | 10,743 | 60,272 | 67,419 | 67,280 | 11,528 |
Projected emissions - 2020 WM, tonnes | 10,727 | 78,985 | 61,713 | 72,581 | 18,470 |
Projected emissions - 2030 WM, tonnes | 12,217 | 58,880 | 58,832 | 72,038 | 15,204 |
Projected emissions - 2020 WAM, tonnes | 10,362 | 76,421 | 61,604 | 72,551 | 18,437 |
Projected emissions - 2030 WAM, tonnes | 10,531 | 53,787 | 58,059 | 71,888 | 14,880 |
Projected emission reduction - 2020 WM, % | 59.1 | 58.1 | 42.3 | 18.0 | 27.9 |
Projected emission reduction - 2030 WM, % | 53.4 | 68.7 | 45.0 | 18.6 | 40.7 |
Projected emission reduction - 2020 WAM, % | 60.5 | 59.4 | 42.4 | 18.0 | 28.0 |
Projected emission reduction - 2030 WAM, % | 59.8 | 71.4 | 45.7 | 18.8 | 41.9 |
Last updated: 02-07-2019
* For emission reduction commitments under the NECD, emissions of NOx and NMVOC from manure management and agricultural soils have been excluded. Emissions presented in this table do not include these emissions.
** Calculation of implied emission ceilings are based on the reduction commitment percentages and the 2005 emission level in the latest emission inventory.
